I moved into a house built in the 1950s in the north eastern US and this outlet is on the back of the house but I can't find anything like it searching online. If anyone knows what it is I'd greatly appreciate the enlightenment!
He uses an old rotary phone for it, because it's all pretty basic electromechanical stuff that can't really get messed up from it being out in the rain or whatever. It can't make outgoing calls because modern phone systems don't work with rotary phones, but it receives incoming calls just fine
It should maybe be noted that he's an old school telephone lineman who really knows his stuff, so I don't know if there were any other adapters or anything needed to make his setup work.