That's not how.......what???

F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2

Note that radius is both squared and the dividing term. More distance = less gravity

That's, uh, not really how that works. A taller atmosphere would mean you have to go through more of it, but unless it's not a terrestrial then the atmosphere won't be that much taller.

If it is a non-terrestrial planet, it's unlikely anyone would be building rockets on there to begin with.

You're sort of right. The change in distance from the surface is insignificant, but a spacecraft orbiting a bigger planet has to travel further with each orbit so its speed must be faster to avoid falling out of orbit, even if the gravitational acceleration at its orbital height is the same.