Well, Rider-Waite is definitely the most popular one among people getting a deck as some new-agey tsatske (myself included). I'm just not sure that proper esotericists stick with it, when different designs also have different symbolism. E.g. Alejandro Jodorowsky, who used tarot as both symbols in his films and for some weird psychotherapy, has his own deck design.

Though, come to think of it, you're right in that even most redesigns are based on Rider-Waite, just adding some modern graphics or whatnot. I guess the Marseilles deck is rather ‘prototypical’, since no one probably uses it unchanged.

To clarify, Crowley wasn't involved with the Rider-Waite deck, to my knowledge — although at some time he was in the same Order of the Golden Dawn in which both mystic A. E. Waite and illustrator Pamela Colman Smith were members (and which influenced Crowley's Thelema). The Rider-Waite deck definitely incorporates occult symbolism, and considering that the Order of the Golden Dawn was pretty influential in the movement, I'd guess that the imagery still holds — haven't researched it in detail.

Crowley had designed his own deck, called Thoth Tarot, about thirty years later. It uses different symbolism and even rearranges some stuff like the trump cards and their alphanumeric correspondence. Alas, it's very busy graphically compared to Rider-Waite.