The debt looked like this well before the energy crisis and it grew to over 100% under right wing government: https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/ESP/spain/debt-to-gdp-ratio Current government was hit by Covid but they actually managed to lower it in 2021. And I'm of course not saying that Spain is economically in better situation than Germany over all, just that this government managed current crises pretty well and got inflation and GDP under control faster than them and most other countries.