Paris was demolished to look similar tothis and the same in Berlin. I don't think there are any major cities in Europe that started out like this, but there's a few small ones.

There were some that started out with star-fort-like city walls, similar to Palmanova, but usually less symmetric like Antwep or Vienna. But none of them had that radial street pattern

I think you only see that radial street pattern in relatively modern planned cities.