What materials could you possibly use other than rubber compounds?

The weight of an EV depends on various factors, such as the size of the battery pack and the overall design of the vehicle. Some EVs may be heavier due to larger battery packs, while others may be lighter or comparable in weight to ICE vehicles. it is not accurate to generalize that EVs are heavier on average and therefore cause 30% more tyre dust (wtf did you pull this number from).

Extremely heavy vehicles, such as commercial trucks and buses, cause the majority of wear and tear on roads. Damage caused by the shift to EVs is likely to be marginal, especially when compared to the damage caused by these large vehicles.

Cars had a weight problem long before electric vehicles with their heavy batteries hit the road. The real issue with tyre dust is the overall trend of heavier vehicles, not just the introduction of EVs.

Larger electric vehicles, those weighing over two tons, are responsible for far more wear on road surfaces and emissions of tyre dust. However, this is not solely due to EVs, but rather the general trend of larger and heavier vehicles. the trend of SUVs is far worse and these cars on average are heavier than an EV sedan, which the absolute majority of evs are.