I would also like to add:

• Cut down on blue light exposure (monitors, TV, mobile devices) as well as bright lights (ovehead white / fluorescent lights) after sunset. For digital devices, use a blue-light filter/night mode at the highest setting (takes a while to get used to it but your eyes will thank you for it). For overhead lighting, stop using white/fluorescent lights after sunset - preferably switch to LED lights which can change to a warmer color temperature and be dimmed, or switch to using desk lamps / night lamps instead of using your regular overhead lights. Smart lights have the added benefit of setting up a sleep routine, where you can simulate a sunrise, so you wake up naturally instead of relying on a harsh alarm.

• Speaking of alarms, avoid a them as far as possible. Use them only as a last resort, and don't depend on them as a regular habit. Alarms don't respect your circadian cycles and may just jolt you awake when you're still in your deep/REM cycles, which leaves you feeling grumpy / cranky / tired. You should always aim to wake up naturally (body clock), or be aided by natural light (or a sunrise simulation) - which advances your melatonin phase, and starts production of cortisol.

• Make sure you're getting enough magnesium. Usually eating a banana a day + a balanced diet does the trick. If you miss your daily banana by any chance, take a magnesium supplement. Or get a blood test done and consult a dietician if necessary to check your body is actually absorbing that magnesium.

• Also consider taking melatonin supplements. Again, check with your doctor first.

• Make sure you get enough exercise - at least 30 minutes a day, and don't exercise too late in the day.

• Don't eat a heavy dinner, and don't eat too close to bedtime. Eating too early can also be bad if it makes you hungry before bedtime. Also, make sure you get some carbs in your dinner, because carbs make you sleepy. Maybe even add a bonus banana for extra magnesium.

• Maintain a consistent sleeping/workout/mealtime routine - even during weekends and holidays. Most people are tempted to sleep late on Fridays or weekends, but that just wreaks your cycle, and then you end up with Monday-itis - and it takes a full week for your body to recover the lost sleep, and just when your body is back to normal, you wreak your cycle again on the weekend - don't do that.

• Personally, I would recommend avoiding caffeine completely, if you're having trouble sleeping - at least until your circadian cycle is back to normal, and you've been getting consistently good sleep.

• Speaking of good sleep, I'd highly recommend getting a fitness tracker /smart watch to track your sleep quality and score. Generally you'd want to aim for a sleep score of over 80 (deep sleep 20-25% and REM sleep 20-25% of your total sleep cycle). Keeping a track of your sleep cycles / score is handy in understanding how your daily activities impact your sleep. Also tracking your sleep hours helps you keep track of your sleep deficit and let's you plan your activities accordingly.

• Missed sleep isn't easy to make up for. You accumulate sleep deficit over time and this takes a toll on your health. Most people think that getting a good 8hrs of sleep the next day would be enough to make up for one night of bad/missed sleep, but it's not that simple - you not only need to make up your missed hours, you also need to get consistently good sleep for at least a week - sometimes even a couple of weeks, to make up for your deficit. See: https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/sleep-debt-and-catch-up-sleep

• Consider taking up meditation. Studies have shown that mindful meditation can significantly improve sleep quality.

• Other things/activities that calm your mind also help, such as taking chamomile tea and decaffinated green tea (or an L-theanine supplement), or listening to relaxing music. But be sure to set a timer on your music listening though, you want to make sure your auditory system gets a rest overnight. So don't be tempted to leave on the TV overnight or use a white-noise generator - white noise may do more harm than good!

cc: @TheRealLinga@sh.itjust.works @iarigby@lemmy.world