Those are the costs but aren't there also earnings? The study seems to ignore the fact that money not spend in the US will be spend in the EU.

Translation: Luxembourg workers, who are some of the highest paid people in the entire world, would have to pay 171 euros per year to build out a European tech force that would benefit themselves.

That sounds... awesome?

So… the countries where hyperscalers avoid tax will no longer have hyperscalers avoiding tax in it. And somehow that’s framed as a bad thing?

That is over 10 years. 90€ per worker per year is really nothing.

forcing businesses to move away from existing cloud infrastructure could trigger expensive software redevelopment projects, with code rewriting and re-architecting accounting for 69 percent of its estimated costs.

~70% of it just to move to another hosting provider? hmmmm