1: Canada didn't exist yet so yes it was against the British technically. The main British army was really too involved with Napoleon to get much involved though in the war. The main fighting force was with local militias and indigenous peoples led by British officers. The war was really tit for tat until the British brought their Napoleonic Vets over and started raiding the east coast of the US.

2 & 3 : If the aggressor in a war doesn't win and the defender didn't loose any territory it really sounds like the defending country won.

4: Yes it does.

Those Canadians are the british that stayed. that is how immigration works. They still share the same British king who has recently addressed the US directly on the matter of Canada, you dolt.

you probably look at canadian coins and think they are fictional characters for how stupid you sound.

read a book.

The US invaded Canada with the goal of conquering it. They failed at that. The debate id whether or not the US failed all their goals, such as their genocidal campaign against the Iroquois. The US won many objectives. But failed to conquer Canada. Facts.