Not sure about your specific government but typically they would use data like number of people in a certain area and income class to decide where bus stops should be located, number of people with a certain religion to determine zoning of religious faculties that can be constructed, number of people with young children to determine where schools need to be built, etc.
People always complain about schools being to crowded and little portable classrooms becoming permanent and it's partially due to not knowing how many children those schools should be built to accomodate.