You can tell the difference between a simulation and the thing it’s simulating.

The premise is - you fucking can't. It acts ex-act-ly like the real thing, and for all the same reasons. Given that unreasonably high standard, you still insist, nuh uh. Would never be conscious. We're beyond 'but what if.' You're explicitly arguing that machine consciousness would not count. That any difference from exactly how humans work cannot be a mind. Fuck off. That's just novel bigotry. Dog-torturing prejudice.

If you can have a long-ass argument with someone and go away figuring they're a person like you - that's consciousness. That's the only way you can judge the inner life of any person you have ever met. And you want to pretend that someone meeting that standard, while you observe their brain at a subatomic level, is disqualified? Come back and fuck off again.

You cannot laud the perfect exactitude of... squishy biology and quantum foam... and still say nuh-uh when a whole-ass person arises from those exact processes. If you mean anything when you say it's all just physics, then whatever physics are required for consciousness, can be faked. The resulting person really does think, as surely as an emulated calculator does real math. It's not simulating math. It's doing math. The device is simulated, but the answers are real. Get it?