People will find a way around verification
Sure, but that's true regardless of implementation. Your Great Firewall approach is by far the easiest to circumvent, and comes with by far the biggest drawbacks. Even worse than handing a face scan and a copy of your ID to every website that asks.
To have a perfect system
Who said anything about perfect? The system is NOT perfect. What it IS though, is private, and better than the alternatives.
You either accept that system isn’t perfect or push for complete surveillance.
Says who? It doesn't have to be that black and white. "Don't let perfect be the enemy of good" as the saying goes. You don't have to accept your privacy being violated, AND you don't have to just roll over, give up, and let kids access anything they want.
You seem willing to risk what will turn out to be surveillance
No. My whole point is that the privacy/anonymity and age verification are NOT mutually exclusive. You CAN have both.
I’m more skeptical and not trusting of those in charge
Your idea LITERALLY lets those in charge decide what information you get access to, so maybe you should be a little more skeptical.
how much someone trusts their government and corporations
I trust neither. That's why I like the system I'm describing. It puts ME in charge of MY data, and gives me controll over who gets to use it, and exactly what they're allowed to do with it