Sokoto has a population of Muslim pastoralists, who are undergoing proletarianization.

Their frustration with this gets expressed through a fascistic Islamism, with appeals to the Golden Age of the independent Sokoto Caliphate (hence the name of the Nigerian state).

Insurgent movements like this are a bit problem for States in the region, and it's part of why AES formed. ECOWAS was largely incapable of dealing with internal security issues, due to its main role as a mechanism of Imperialist value extraction