Yes you can, but they are actually in a LXC container with Wayland/X from outside (I think it is also in a KVM/QEmu). (Interesting project : https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/platform2/+/HEAD/vm_tools/sommelier/README.md)

If you look at the architecture it looks more normal than Android.

https://www.chromium.org/chromium-os/chromiumos-design-docs/software-architecture/

Others note this:

https://www.aboutchromebooks.com/now-more-than-ever-chromeos-is-linux-with-googles-desktop-environment/

It's made of lots of FOSS, but it is a dystopian version of a Linux desktop.