Text speak mostly came from typing on dumb phone number pads to enter text. Like if you wanted to type “hi” you would have to enter “4-4 pause 4-4-4” As you might expect 5 putting presses with a pause between some of them just to say “hi” got painful. Thus the shortening.

Text messages were always charged per message. But each message was limited to 160 ascii characters or less if you were using other encodings. You could send 1 character or 160 characters but it cost 20 cents (at least where I grew up) either way.

This is all separate from l33t speak which is a whole different thing.

That is if you stay within one country. I still get some insane charges if I text someone 60 kilometers away because it's international.

I remember my parents flipping shit over a $0.50 fee for a handfull of messages before text was unlimited.

We did the same here (US), but I guess texting got cheaper faster than in the EU? Because free text was generally a thing before smartphones really took over. Another interesting metric might be data costs, data was super expensive for a long time, while texting was essentially free, so I think people just didn't want to switch to an app like WhatsApp. Data is pretty cheap now, but I guess the culture never really changed.