yea of course, never heard of the bee grinder?

We’ve been keeping them improperly in the winter since the mid 20th century, leading to unnecessary bee mortality within hives. Whether that’s torture or not is up to you, but it’s definitely unnecessary harm.

Well bees are definitely objectified and seen as industrialized honey producing machines. They're starved of their own resources and are given mostly sugar water in return. Bee keepers are not concerned with their well-being other than for production yields. It is a form of factory farming. Isn't this reason enough?

They're certainly exposed to a very different living situation than would be typical for them in most cases, to their detriment. For example, bees that make their combs in frames lose substantial heat from their hives, which usually helps protect against disease and even predation. They're also often given a sugar water substitute to eat when their honey is drained off for human consumption, which is nowhere near as nutritious. They're also moved around on the bee keeper's schedule, which may be a substantial stressor compared with a hive that stays in one place. Never mind that they may be exposed to climates that substantially differ from where that particular variety of honey be evolved.

Given issues like colony collapse disorder, it's pretty clear that many forms of bee keeping aren't really great for bees. Does that constitute torture? That's hard to tell, but it certainly does put pressures on them in multiple aspects of their lives and the lives of their hives as a whole that they wouldn't be dealing with otherwise, and which probably aren't pleasant.

Would you consider it torture, or at least cruel, to forcibly relocate the population of a city to an area that's freezing cold, force them to live in poorly insulated homes, make them eat food that isn't healthy for them, and steal the product of their labor in exchange for their efforts?

I think if you ask 10 people this questions you will get 11 opinions, at least.

I personally would prefer the reintroduction of predators into their native habitats because the human tendency to squeeze economic profit out of every square centimeter of the planet we inhabit reads absolutely bizarre to me. This kind of instrumental world view where everything has to have a purpose for us is in my opinion an epoch in the development of humans we should strive to leave behind, because although for a time it shaped our progression as a species like nothing else, it's also about to destroy the world we live in and come crushing down on us if we find no better way forward. I believe that in the long term we will have to withdraw from at least some parts of the ecosystem and let the predators do their thing. Our population centers can be (and for a good part already are) so sealed off to them that it should very well be possible to do our thing without being mauled by wolves.

...All this does go a bit beyond the question of honey though. Sorry for the rant there.

I'm not a Jain so take this with a grain of salt. Their philosophy of nonviolence believes in two sets of rules - one for ascetics and one for "householders". The former renounce everything in service of nonviolence (they often wear masks to prevent breathing in any organisms, carry canes that they use to tap the ground when they walk, etc). The latter have more "reasonable" restrictions (but are still pure vegetarians, etc). So maybe for the former group?