There are some ham radio call phones that can transmit. They're pretty specialized and not cheap, but they exist.... around $1200 for what is essentially 3+ year old phone hardware (with software to match .... Android 9-ish) with a built in transceiver... I like the idea, but I'm not paying that much for a very old phone because it happens to have a ham radio built in.

The current ideas with adding radios to phones is almost entirely to pick up broadcast radio, like am/FM. Nothing fancy.