While I definitely agree that the wealthy should be paying more in taxes, this isn't an especially accurate take.
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There were way more deductions available. Basically, nobody ever paid any taxes at such a high rate.
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The primary reason for the post-war "golden age" that MAGA waxes nostalgia about is because almost the entire manufacturing sector of most European countries was wiped out. By comparison, the US was almost fully intact, and had a massive new base of workers trained in manufacturing. We went from a nation of farmers to a nation of city-dwelling industrialists almost overnight.
I don't see how we could ever get back to the 50s - 60s era of growth and security again, but overhauling taxation and more union representation could probably at least wind us back a few decades.