You know, honestly? I didn't do any like, testing to see how much impact each had. I just used some recommended settings like setting the kernel to PREEMPT and setting mitigations=no (this is a minor security risk, I am spectre vulnerable but this is a performance increase)

My CPU is very old and I have a newer graphics card, so I figured this would help but I didn't do any concrete testing. Seems fine.

Edit: also I had to set my CPU governor to performance. Debian had it on some low-power default setting (forgot now) and this DID matter, a lot, way more than any kernel argument. I control it some other way than a kernel arg, tho