There's also federally mandated FML and disability, but neither are required to be paid.

Yeah, then that's awful. Here it depends on the type of agreement you have with the employer and the regulations you are under. For instance, the regular work agreement means 20 days minimum a year, 26 after a certain period - 10 years working overall. College counts for a lot, as does highschool. You can get 26 days a year after I think 2 years of work anywhere total after going to uni.

There are simpler agreements which are favoured by students. The regular work agreement requires you to pay for your social insurance for instance. Students already have that covered for free when enrolled at a uni, so they get a simpler agreement that doesn't make you do that. So they get more money. Time off there isn't mandated, but most employers give you the same amount as an employee that has the 10 years covered. They want to keep students enrolled so they stay at a company after training them up. There is also a limit for how long you can have the simpler working agreement, so you aren't exploited by an employer that doesn't want you to move to the regular agreement or something.

Some employers don't care about the time off as long as tasks are done. So you get unlimited paid time off. Obviously even if you don't have unlimited paid leave, you can go on unpaid whenever you want.

No, this is for all jobs. It matters for the time off you get over a year, not seniority at a company per se. You get more time off if you work for a certain amount of time anywhere. And uni counts as 7 yrs even if you go through 3 or 5.