Okay, here's a non apple source since you want it.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.12091
5 Conclusion
In this study, we investigate the capacity of LLMs,
with parameters varying from 7B to 200B, to com-
prehend logical rules. The observed performance
disparity between smaller and larger models indi-
cates that size alone does not guarantee a profound
understanding of logical constructs. While larger
models may show traces of semantic learning, their
outputs often lack logical validity when faced with
swapped logical predicates. Our findings suggest
that while LLMs may improve their logical reason-
ing performance through in-context learning and
methodologies such as COT, these enhancements
do not equate to a genuine understanding of logical
operations and definitions, nor do they necessarily
confer the capability for logical reasoning.