One way a global index can respect local authority would be for the index to acknowledge that within that territory, there is an official name for things.

They can also be pragmatic and acknowledge a common local name, the global consensus name, etc.

In many ways, it's just a further fragmentation like language.

The name itself can't really change in OSM because it's based on what someone "on the ground" would see, i.e. street signs, etc.

Previous OSM naming conflicts have usually been areas of disputed land where some group de-facto controls the land/people and therefore the street signs, and therefore the OSM 'name' tag.

That's not going to work very well for a big region of mostly international waters between several countries.

Taiwan is the island, also known as Formosa, and it is ruled by the Republic of China. Separately, but still part of that state, there's the autonomous mainland provinces, calling themselves the People's Republic of China, a rebel faction which somehow steadfastly refuses to declare independence.

Are you taking about Formosa or the Republic of China?