The secret to improving soil quality is typically "incorporate organic material"
Heavy clay that doesn't drain? Add organic material
Sandy soil that doesn't retain water? Add organic material
An overwintering crop like buckwheat can bust through heavy clay and you can till it in the spring for a boost of green manure
You'll want to be careful to not work heavy clays too early while they're still very wet, this can wreck the soil structure that You've been working so hard to improve by adding organic material
Raised beds can be an excellent solution as well
i wanted to do a lasagna bed but shit went off the rails and now my yard is comprised of a poop/rice hull/clay slurry with some leaf compost here and there
i don't believe this will be too much of an issue but i'm not 100 percent on this so i am asking here in case anyone has fucked up in a similar fashion and has any experience to contribute regarding tilling and mulching with almost 100% green material
it seems to me like you've done a lot for this season, in terms of soil conditioning. clayey soils are the most prone to compaction problems, so avoid working/tilling or even walking on the managed area when it's wet. a decent guide for this is grabbing a clump of soil and forming it into a ball with your hand. if any of it sticking to your skin, it's too wet. if it forms into a ball without breaking apart, it's too wet. a lot of yards have compaction problems, because people do wack shit with yards. like park vehicles on them and christ knows what happened during home construction with heavy equipment and disturbance of layers etc.
you could try cover cropping a bed area with a tillage raddish late season, like a month before your first frost. so you have time to find a source and ship and look up resources. the high seeding rate for a 10'x10' area is less than an ounce, so you could get pretty wild with a 1lb bag. getting wild with cover crops is fun, imo. because you get to see stuff grow and it's doing work.
soil issues take time to correct, because it's basically its own highly complex biome and its stewardship mostly about provisioning resources for the microbial activity to happen. you're just showing up with the concrete mix. they build and live in the city.
Put in sun-flowers.
They're easy to grow and you can't fuck them up.
Sounds like it's really heavy clay.
If you aren't planning on building a cob structure with it then I would follow the basic steps for gypsum amendment first because, although there are a lot of other good ideas in the comments here, if your soil is akin to a block of pottery clay then it's still going to be really dense and difficult to manage until you can outweigh the clay with compost and manure, which might well require a huge amount of compost and a huge amount of effort to work it in.
Gypsum will make the soil more friable and better at drainage. That's going to make life easier for when you want to work other amendments into the soil later on.
Loosen the soil a bit with a potato fork and water in some compost. A bit of charcoal (to promote soil microbiota, no ash, not chemically treated) might be good as well.
Plant larger taproots amongst your other stuff. You can harvest a few but leave most of them in the soil to grow the full season and then decompose.
That's about in-line with what I'd do. The best you can really do to improve soil quality long term is till in compost and aerate.
Depending on the type of clay you may want to change the Ph. The clay where I am is crazy acidic like a 4.5-5. I drop a ton of hydrated lime in it and lots of organic matter. Beans and peppers will want a higher PH than your tomatoes and eggplant.
gardening
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